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I described my experiences in the context of my family and of Ireland in the 50s. In 2005, I published a memoir about the epidemic called The Broken Boy. Polio had always carried an extra charge of terror compared to other diseases because its victims, whom it crippled or killed, were young children. They said they believed that people in Cork had been so frightened of the disease that they wanted to forget about it once vaccination had removed the danger. I asked surviving doctors from that period why this was the case. Nobody had written a history of the Cork epidemic, which had paralysed part of Ireland for the best part of a year, although it lived on in popular memory as a terrifying event and there were plenty of victims still alive since they were crippled as small children. Patrick Cockburn at home with his father after recovering from polio

Devastating though these outbreaks were, they seldom occurred at the same time in different places because vulnerability to the virus would vary.

When collective immunity faltered, epidemics would surge periodically through cities like New York, Melbourne, Copenhagen, Chicago. It was modernity that gave the polio virus its chance: as 19th-century cities acquired clean water supplies and efficient drainage systems, babies were no longer contracting the virus in large enough numbers to provide protection. Long before the Covid-19 pandemic made the phrase вЂњherd immunityвЂќ infamous, the pool of people who had polio without knowing it was large enough to prevent pandemics.

Before then most people contracted the virus in infancy, when their motherвЂ™s antibodies helped them gain immunity. But it was not until the first half of the 20th century that polio epidemics began to sweep through cities. I started reading about the disease, which has probably been around for thousands of years. Only in the late 90s, when I was in Iraq as a journalist talking to doctors and patients in ill-equipped hospitals hit by UN sanctions, did I start to feel it strange that I knew more about sickness in Baghdad than I did about polio in Cork, when it had been me lying in a hospital bed. I was conscious of my disabilities, but I never thought much about why this had happened to me. Patrick Cockburn in 1955, the year before he caught polio Though my mobility improved markedly over the years, I could not run and have always walked with a severe limp. doi:10.3389/ I was released three months later, I was at first confined to bed or was in a wheelchair and learned to walk again with metal callipers on my legs and wearing a plastic waistcoat to keep my back straight.

#CAUSE I REMEMBER EVERY TIME SKIN#

Colloidal oatmeal (Avena sativa) improves skin barrier through multi-therapy activity. Ilnytska O, Kaur S, Chon S, Reynertson KA.

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10 reasons your skin itches uncontrollably and how to get relief. Dry skin: Who gets and causes.ДЄmerican Academy of Dermatology. Acne: Who gets and causes.ДЄmerican Academy of Dermatology. Rosacea: Who gets and causes.ДЄmerican Academy of Dermatology. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. Brief analysis of causes of sensitive skin and advances in evaluation of anti-allergic activity of cosmetic products. Sensitive skin: Review of an ascending concept. Duarte I, Silveira JEPS, Hafner MDFS, Toyota R, Pedroso DMM.

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